ABSTRACT
In recent years, rapid changes in the external environment in which organizations continue their activities and uncertain market conditions have caused the borders to narrow, and organizations have to exhibit cooperative behaviors under intertwined working conditions. During the Covid-19 pandemic process, which has been going on for two years, inter-organizational citizenship, which emerged as socially-oriented behaviors at the individual level transferred to inter-organizational relations, has made the concept of behavior more important. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of organizational culture type on interorganizational citizenship behavior (IOCB). In the relevant literature, Okechukwu (2017) conducted a study with employees in three institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. The study revealed that cultural effects are essential for measuring organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and that health policies implemented without considering the effect of this variable would be inaccurate. Avci (2016), revealed that there is a positive relationship between teachers' perception of organizational culture (OC) and IOCB. Wasti and Baltaci (2016) aimed to investigate the effect of OCB on its universal and cultural dimensions. They emphasized the varying aspects of organizational citizenship behaviors in diverse cultures in the contexts of North America, China, and Turkey. Kutanis and Mercan (2015) analyzed data collected from 412 nurses employed in Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) Medical Hospitals through the survey method. As a result, a positive relationship was revealed among organizational culture and perspectives on the information, level of information sharing, and openness of intraorganizational cognitive channels, which are the dimensions of information sharing. Özdevecioglu and Akin (2013) conducted their study with 224 enterprises operating in different sectors in Kayseri to determine the relationship between the types of OC and IOCB. The results of their study showed that hierarchy and market culture had a negative relationship with IOCB and some of its subdimensions, and that clan and adhocracy culture had a positive relationship with IOCB and some of its subdimensions. Çelik and Bingöl (2007), found that there was a strong relationship between the dimensions of OC and OCB. Kalkan and Ögüt (2013), determined that participation, harmony and vision OC subdimensions positively affect OCB. When the concepts were analyzed in the context of intercultural citizenship behavior, it has been observed that employees from an individualistic culture exhibit less extra-role behavior (Wanxian and Weiwu 2007). Employees limit their citizenship behaviors in hierarchical cultures, while in organic culture;they exhibit more citizenship behavior (Somech and Drach-Zahavy 2004;Somech and Ron 2007). © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
ABSTRACT
Objective: We aimed to investigate the content of Covid-19 news in the media before and after the declaration of the first Covid-19 case in Turkey, as well as the compatibility of their medical massages with World Health Organisation (WHO) data. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, Covid-19 news in Turkey's most visited webpages of five newspapers and five internet news sites was examined retrospectively for two months categorized as the periods of one month before and one month after the first Covid-19 case declaration in Turkey. The news was evaluated according to their content, sources, content and headline compatibility, evidence and accuracy levels in terms of WHO reports, its potential to evoke social negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, panic, and to produce negative bias against China. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SPSS 21 program and the results were expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: It was determined that in total of 7915 news, the most content was about the protection and prevention methods. In the news before and after the first case declaration in Turkey, the content-headline incompatibility rates were 50,8% and 1,1%;incompatibility rates of the medical information in the news with WHO reports were 7,1% and 2,9%;the rates of referencing were 74,3% and 66,9%, the rates of the news having the potential to produce anxiety and fear in the reader were 56,9% and 19,6% and to produce prejudice and negative attitudes towards China were 19,7% and 4,6%, respectively. Conclusions: It seems that the declaration of the first Covid-19 case changed the news making pattern of the media to a more responsible behaviour for the public. We suggest that it is a rational approach to use the power of the media correctly in enhancing public awareness towards Covid-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Background: The prognostic factors for COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are uncertain. We conducted a propensity score-matched study to compare clinical and prognostic features between hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without CKD. Methods: Patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for more than three months, were included in the CKD group. Fifty-six patients and the propensity score-matched fifty-six control patients were followed-up at least 15 days or until death after diagnosis of COVID-19. All demographic data and diagnostic and therapeutic methods were evaluated. The endpoints were all-cause mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: Patient and control groups were reviewed retrospectively over a median follow-up of 44 days (IQR, 36-52 days) after diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients in the CKD group had higher intensive care unit follow-up and mortality rates than the other group, but these results did not reach statistical significance (16 [28.6%] vs. 19 [33.9%];p=0.54 and 11 [19.6%] vs. 16 [28.6%], p=0.269, respectively). The frequency of AKI was significantly higher in predialysis patients with CKD compared to the other group (8 [14.3%] vs. 5 [45.5%];p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of cytokine release syndrome and respiratory failure (13 [23.2%] vs. 8 [14.2%];p=0.226, 25 [44.6%] vs. 22 [39.3%], p=0.566, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that respiratory failure (39.283 [95% CI, 7.296 to 211.519;P<0.001] and AKI (10.961 [95% CI, 1.688 to 71.186;P=0.012] were independent risk factors for the mortality. Conclusions: The prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with CKD is worse than non-uremic patients. Also, AKI and respiratory failure are independent risk factors for mortality.
ABSTRACT
Background: Management of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) should include treatment of infection and regulation of immunosuppression but there is no consensus on this issue yet. In this study, we aimed to describe our experience in KTR with COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included KTR who diagnosed with COVID-19 from five centers. The patients were categorized into two groups for the analysis. Patients had respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunctions were defined as severe pneumonia. All other cases were classified as moderate pneumonia. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results: 40 patients (20 female) were reviewed over a median follow-up of 32 days (IQR, 14-51 days) after COVID-19. 5 patients died during the follow-up. The frequency of graft dysfunction was similar between groups (n=12 and n=2;p=0.615, respectively). The frequency of previous induction (n=18 and n=7;p=0.016, respectively) and rejection therapy (n=4 and n=3;p=0.023, respectively) was significantly increased in the group with severe pneumonia compared to the moderate pneumonia group. None of the patients using cyclosporine A developed severe pneumonia. Also, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that previous anti-rejection therapy (9.75 [95% CI, 1.223 to 77.724;P=0.032]) was the independent predictor for mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 more commonly causes moderate or severe pneumonia in KTR. Immunosuppression should be carefully reduced in KTR. Induction therapy with lymphocyte depleting agents should be carefully avoided in KTR during the pandemic period.